-ing 形式作状语,可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为、方式、伴随状况等.如:
Being a teacher , you should help your students in every way .(原因)
He died from a sudden traffic accident, leaving the experiment half-done (so that he left the experiment half-done).(结果)
Seeing my parents waving in the crowd , I went running to them.(时间;方式)
The students entered the classroom, following their English teacher .(伴随)
Listening to English every day (If you listen to English every day), you’ll learn it well step by step.(条件)
学习ing形式作状语的用法时,需要注意以下四点:
(一) 与过去分词作状语的区别.一般来说,-ing形式表示主动、进行;过去分词表示被动、完成.试比较:
The enemy fled in a panic ,leaving behind a lot of dead bodies and weapons.
Defeated and frightened , the enemy fled in a panic.
[分析]: 前一例中的-ing 形式短语在句子中作伴随状语,它与其逻辑主语the enemy之间为主动关系;后一句中的过去分词defeated 和frightened 表原因,它与其逻辑主语the enemy 之间为被动关系.
(二) 关于逻辑主语的问题.-ing 形式作状语时,一般情况下，其逻辑主语应与株主句的主语保持一致.如:
Comparing all the great people with each other , you’ll find that they have much in common.
Finding her car stolen , she hurried to a policeman for help .(上海 2001,28)
Having suffered from hear trouble for years , Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.(上海 2001春,38)
Having suffered such heavy pollution already , it may now be too late to clean up the river.(NMET 2001,35)
[分析]:前三例中, -ing 形式的逻辑主语均为主句的主语.最后一例中,have suffered 的逻辑主语是the river ,并不是主句的主语it .这种用法极为少见,有的语法家称其为垂悬分词,我们在学习中不宜模仿.
(三) –ing 形式的否定式.其基本结构是:not + -ing 形式,无论在完成式还是被动式里,not 必须置于 –ing 形式之前.如:
Not having finished his homework, the boy was still doing it in the classroom .
(四) –ing 形式(短语)的功能有时相当于一个壮语从句.根据这个性质,我们在使用-ing 形式作状语时,切记不要在前面或后面的句子前用连词连接.如:
walking on the fallen leaves in autumn , so you’ll fell very comfortable .(X)
[分析]:如前所述,-ing 形式短语相当于一个状语从句,所以后半句中的连词so 的使用是错误的,应该去掉.原句应改为:
Walking on the fallen leaves in autumn , you’ll fell very comfortable.
巩固性练习:
请用括号里所给动词的适当形式填空:
1. (live) in a southern city of China ,I have never seen such a wonderful snow view.
2. (not grow) up yet , you’re not allowed to enter the bars.
3. (encourage) by the director , the actors performed wonderfully in the play .
4. (Know) all this , they made me pay for the damage .
students are sitting in the reading-room , (read) all kinds of books .
key:
1. Living
2. Not having grown
3. Encouraged
4. knowing
5. reading
重庆 陈觉法
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